1.4 The depth control of the electrode entering the furnace
The core of calcium carbide furnace electrode management is essentially the length management of three-phase electrodes. The depth of the electrode into the furnace refers to the actual insertion depth of the electrode in the furnace, which is the hidden part of the working length of the electrode. At present, there is no high-tech detection instrument and measurement method for the accurate observation and judgment of the length of the electrode into the furnace for the calcium carbide furnace. It is still estimated by the hand experience and detection angle of manual detection with sticks. According to the input load of the electrode and the length of the electrode, combined with the change range of the electrode working position, the length of the electrode into the furnace is inversely proportional to the consumption rate of the electrode paste. The ideal length of the electrode into the furnace should be combined with the actual conditions of the furnace charge structure in the region, the control characteristics of the process electrical system, and the advantages of operation management. A reasonable electrode management model that conforms to the company’s characteristics should be formulated. The concept of the length of the electrode into the furnace should be thorough. Changing the traditional concept that the longer the electrode is, the more stable the furnace condition is. Excessively long furnace entry depth will cause the thermal balance of the smelting process to be imbalanced, the rate of decline of the charge will slow down, and the power density in the reaction zone will be insufficient, resulting in a decline in quality and output. The scientific and reasonable electrode depth into the furnace should be controlled at 1.1 to 1.25 times the diameter of the electrode.
1.5 The impact of carbon material quality
There are many types of carbon materials used in the production of calcium carbide, and their physical and chemical indexes have their own characteristics. If the volatile index contained in the carbon materials is high, then
The erosion rate of the electrode is accelerated, which directly affects the consumption index of the electrode paste.
1.6 The impact of calcium carbide product quality
The quality of calcium carbide products intuitively reflects the real reaction conditions of the calcium carbide furnace. The high quality of calcium carbide products indicates that the temperature of the calcium carbide furnace is high and the electrodes are
The working length in the furnace is moderately controlled, the heat distribution of the calcium carbide furnace is proper, and the furnace is in a stable and optimal working state; if the quality of the calcium carbide product is poor, it means that the length of the electrode into the furnace has a large fluctuation range, and the ideal heat distribution of the calcium carbide furnace is destroyed. The depth of the electrode entering the furnace fluctuates greatly and is unstable, resulting in high electrode paste consumption. The large amount of heat energy in the formation reaction of calcium carbide depends on resistance heat to complete the smelting. The proportion of the electric arc in the molten pool area of the calcium carbide furnace is very small compared to the resistance. Therefore, the carbon of the electrode must participate in the chemical reaction in the furnace. The consumption of electrode carbon is also taken into account when the carbon material is proportioned. When the calcium carbide furnace is operated at blast furnace temperature, high quality, and high ratio, the carbon material in the furnace is sufficient, and the consumption of electrodes is relatively small; on the contrary, it will cause serious shortage of carbon in the furnace, low product quality, and faster electrode paste consumption.
1.7 The influence of calcium carbide furnace operating rate
During the normal operation of calcium carbide furnace, thermal shutdown caused by sudden equipment failures and production accidents is inevitable. Even a planned shutdown of the furnace is quite difficult to maintain the electrodes. Due to the ineffective protection measures for the electrodes of the sealed calcium carbide furnace by the hot shutdown, it is easy to cause the electrode skin to be oxidized and the electrode hard-breaking accidents with the semi-finished products in the furnace, especially when the equipment leaks in the heat shutdown state, the electrode is washed away And soaking hazards are even more serious, which is unfavorable to the restoration and adjustment of the ideal working position of the electrode; the observation door is opened frequently to detect the working length of the electrode and the hard shell and dust on the processing material surface, and the sealing material of the observation door of the furnace is easy to burn and leak. Air enters the furnace and burns, causing the carbon monoxide concentration in the furnace to decrease, and the electrode outer skin is severely oxidized and peeled off.