The self-baking electrode was invented by Soderberg (C.W. Soderberg), also known as Soderberg electrode. Between 1888 and 1892, France P. Heroult first used the electric furnace method to produce calcium carbide and ferroalloy. At first, it used a single-phase open electric furnace with small capacity and simple equipment. The molten pool at the bottom of the carbon furnace was used as one pole. Hung on the manual hoist, the carbon electrode with the end buried in the charge as the other electrode. By 1909, it was invented by CWSoederberg, Norway, and the self-baking electrode was promoted in 1919, which greatly promoted the development of reduction electric furnace technology. A circular electric furnace with three electrodes arranged in an equilateral triangle has been widely used. Adoption. At the same time, a rectangular open electric furnace with three-phase three-pole and three-phase six-pole arranged in a “line” shape appeared for the smelting of copper matte and ferromanganese.
The self-baking electrode is made of electrode shell and electrode paste. The electrode baking is carried out in the operation of the electric furnace. As the temperature rises, the electrode paste volatiles escape, and the self-baked electrode completes the liquefaction-solidification-sintering process.
The electrode shell of the self-baking electrode is composed of a metal shell and ribs. The electrode shell bears the weight of the electrode at low temperatures. During electrode firing, the electrode shell transmits current to the electrode paste, and at the same time acts as a heating element. The electrode shell is made of cold-rolled steel plate, and large electrodes sometimes have to weld strip steel or threaded steel rods at the ends of the ribs to strengthen their load-bearing capacity.
The sintering ability of the self-baked electrode has the characteristic of self-regulation. After the electrode is lowered, the firing speed of the electrode is faster, and the sintering speed of the electrode gradually decreases as the firing belt moves up.